ინგლისურის გრამატიკა

arsebiTi saxelis ricxvi

inglisur enaSi gvaqvs 2 ricxvi.mxolobiTi ricxvi da mravlobiTi ricxvi.roca erT saganze vlaparakobT,arsebiTi saxeli mxolobiT ricxvSia

a book     a dog

 roca erTze met saganze vlaparakobT,arsebiTi saxeli mravlobiT ricxvSia.

Books  dogs

1)arsebiTi saxelis mravlobiT ricxvs vawarmoebT s sufiqsis darTviT.

2)Tu arsebiTi saxeli bolovdeba s, ss, sh, ch, x, o-ze maSin  mravlobiT ricxvSi emateba –es.

Bus-buses       box-boxes    brush-brushes

3)Tu arsebiTi saxeli bolovdeba y-ze da mis win Tanxmovania.y Seicvleba i-Ti da daemateba –es.

Country-qveyana    countries-qveynebi

4) roca y-is win xmovania,maSin ucvleli darCeba da ise daemateba s sufiqsi.

Boy- biWi  boys- biWebi

5)zogi arsebiTi saxeli mravlobiT ricxvs awarmoebs fuZiseuli xmovnis g

Mman-kaciman-kacebi

                                                                  

Woman-qali       women-qalebi

tooth-kbili     teeth-kbilebi

foot-terfi    feet-terfebi

mouse-Tagvi     mice-Tagvebi

goose-bati   geese-batebi

6)zogi arsebiTi saxeli mravlobiT ricxvs  awarmoebs en-is darTviT.

Ox-xari    oxen-xarebi

Child-bavSvi   children-bavSvebi

7)Tu arsebiTi saxeli bolovdeba f,  fe-ze maSin f,fe Seicvleba v-Ti da daemateba es.

wife-coli  wives-colebi

wolf-mgeli  wolves-mglebi

8)zog arsebiTi saxels mxolobiTsa da mravlobiT ricxvSi erTi da igive forma aqvs.

Deer – iremi,irmebi

Sheep – cxvari,cxvrebi

Fish – Tevzi,Tevzebi

Trout – kalmaxi,kalmaxebi

9)zog arseebiT saxels marto mravlobiTi ricxvi aqvs.

Trousers-Sarvali

Scissors-makrateli

Clothes-tansacmeli

Arms-iaraRi

A

artikli

inglisur enaSi gvaqvs 2 artikli.ganusazRvreli da gansazRvruli.

ganusazRvreli artiklebia a da an.   a-viyenebT TanxmovniT dawyebuli arsebiTi saxelbis win,xolo an- s viyenebT xmovniT dawyebuli arsebiTi saxelebis win.

A bag a dog a cat

An apple      an egg      an arm-chair

ganusazRvreli artikli ixmareba mxolod mxolobiT ricxvSi.igi arasdros ixmareba uTvladi da mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgari arsebiTi saxelebis win.

gansazRvruli artiklia the.roca arsebiT saxels individualuri mniSvnelobiT vxmarobT,mis win gansazRvruli artikli daismis.igi ixmareba rogorc Tvlad aseve uTvlad arsebiT saxelebTan.aseve rogorc mxolobiT ricxvSi,aseve mravlobiT ricxvSi.the artikli ixmareba im sagnebTan romlebic erTaderTia.

the sun     the moon   the sky   the earth

aseve ixmareba okeaniibis,zRvebis,tbebis da mdinareebis saxelwodebebTan.

The black sea-Savi zRva     the mtkvari-mtkvari

Qqveynis oTxi mxaris aRmniSvnel saxelebTan.

The North-CrdiloeTi     the South-samxreTi  the East-aRmosavleTi  the West-dasavleTi

zedsarTavi saxeli

zedsarTavi saxeli arsebiT saxels Tan axlavs da mis Tvisebas an niSans gamoxatavs.mas daesmis kiTxva:  rogori?

zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxebia; dadebiTi,SedarebiTi da aRmatebiTi.

SedarebiTi xarisxi

SedarebiT xarisxSi or sagans vadarebT erTmaneTs.erT marcvlian zedsarTav saxelebs SedarebiT xarisxSi emateba –er.

magaliTad; long-grZeli   longer-ufro  grZeli.

Mmravalmarcvlian zedsarTav saxelebs SedarebiT xarisxSi emateba –more.

magaliTad; interesting- saintereso  more interesting-ufro saintereso

1)   The ruler is shorter than the pencil.

2)   The book is more interesting than the computer.

aRmatebiTi xarisxi

aRmatebiT xarisxSi erTi sagani gamoirCeva yvela danarCeni sagnebisagan raime TvisebiT.  erT marcvlian zedsarTav saxelebs emateba the--------est.

long-grZeli the longest-yvelaze grZeli

mravalmarcvlian zedsarTav saxelebs aRmatebiT xarisxSi emateba the most

interesting-saintereso   the most interesting-yvelaze saintereso

roca ormarcvliani zedsarTavi saxelebi bolovdeba –y,  -er,  -ow-ze, maSin xarisxebs awarmoeben –er-is da –est-is meSveobiT.

erT Tanxmovanze dabolovebuli zedsarTavi saxelebi, romelTa Zireuli xmovani moklea,xarisxebis warmoebisas bolo Tanxmovans iorkeceben.

big-bigger     hot-hotter       thin-thinner

Tu zedsarTavi saxeli bolovdeba –y-ze da mis win Tanxmovania,xarisxebis warmoebisas y Seicvleba i-iT da Semdeg emateba er , est.

Zogi zedsarTavi saxeli fuZis SecvliT awarmoeben xarisxebs:

kargi -good  --better – the best

cudi- bad –worse –the worst

cota- little –less –the least

bevri- many –more –the most

bevri- much –more –the most

Sedarebis konstruqciebi

Oori sagnis Sedarebis dros viyenebT as +  zedsarTavi +  as

This book is as interesting as that one.es wigni iseve sainteresoa rogorc is.

This rope is not as long as that one.es Toki ar aris ise grZeli rogorc is.

Nnacvalsaxeli

                           Nnacvalsaxeli sityvaa,romelic ixmareba arsebiTi saxelis nacvlad.

Ppiris nacvalsaxelebi saxelobiT brunvaSi

mxolobiTi ricxvi: I -me

N                    you-Sen

He – is (mamrobiTi)

  She – is (mdedrobiTi)

It – is (saSualo)

mravlobiTi ricxvi: we – Cven

you – Tqven

Ppiris nacvalsaxelebi obieqtur brunvaSi

mxolobiTi ricxvi me - me

him –mas (mamrobiTi)

her –mas (mdedrobiTi)

it – mas (saSualo)

mravlobiTi ricxvi  us – Cven

you – Tqven

them – maT

kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi gamoxataven kuTvnilebas.

kavSirebiTi forma:   mxolobiTi ricxvi: my – Cemi

your – Seni,Tqveni

his – misi (mamrobiTi)

her – misi (mdedrobiTi)

its – misi (saSualo)

absolituri forma

mxolobiTi ricxvi mine –Cemi

yours – Seni,Tqveni

his – misi (mamrobiTi)

her – misi (mdedrobiTi)

its – misi (saSualo)

mravlobiTi ricxvi ours - Cveni

                      theirs – maTi

ganusazRvreli droebi

awmyo ganusazRvreli dro gamoxatavs iseT moqmedebas,romelic sazogadod xdeba,romelic ar mimdinareobs saubris dros.awmyo ganisazRvreli dro ixmareba zmnizedebaTan: often – xSirad, always – mudam, every day – yoveldRe, usually –Cveulebriv. igi iwarmoeba infinitividan to nawilakis

gareSe.mxolobiTi ricxvis mesame  pirSi emateba sufuqsi – s. xolo kiTxviT da uaryofiTi formebi iwarmoeba  to do damxmare  xmnis awmyo ganusazRvreli drois saSualebiT.

Mmesame pirSi viyenebT does damxmare zmnas

I work. Do I work? I do not work.

He works. Does he work? He does not work.

She works. Does she work? She does not work.

It works. Does it work? It does not work

We work. Do we work? We do not work.

You work. Do you work? You do not work.

They work. Do they work? They do not work.

namyo (warsuli) ganisazRvreli dro

NAMNA

Nnamyo ganusazRvreli dro gamoxatavs moqmedebas romelic moxda warsulSi.kiTxviTi da uaryofiTi forma iwarmoeba to do  damxmare zmnis namyo ganusazrvreli drois did- is saSualebiT. Warsul droSi zmnebi gvaqvs wesieri da arawesieri,wesieri zmnebi imatebs ed. work – worked. xolo arawesieri zmenbi icvleba – make – made keTeba

I worked. Did I work? I did not work.

Mmomavali ganusazRvreli dro

Mmomavali ganusazRvreli dro gamoxatavs momaval moqmedebas.igi iwarmoeba shall da will damxmare zmnebiT.shall pirveli piris mxolobiT da mravlobiT ricxvSi,will – yvela danarCen pirSi

I shall  go. me waval

Shall  I go? waval me?

I  shall not go. me ar waval.

gangrZobiTi dorebi

gangrZobiTobis gamomxatveli droebi gamoxataven iseT moqmedebas,romelic grZeldeboda,grZeldeba an gagrZeldeba gansazRvrul momentSi.es droebi iwarmoeba to be + ing.am droebTan damxmare zmnebi ar gvWirdeba

Aawmyo gangrzobiTi dro

Aawmyo gangrZobiTi dro gamoxatavs moqmedebas,roelic grZeldeba awmyos gansazRvrul momentSi,igi gviCvenebs rom moqmedeba kvlav grZeeldeba saubris dros.am drosTan gvxvdeba zmnizedebi: now – axla, at that moment – am wuTas.

Mmas vawarmoebT to be damxmare zmnis awmyo ganusazRvreli droisa da sauRlebeli zmnis namos momReobisagan.

I am going now. Mme mivdivar axla.

Am I going now? Mivdivar axla me?

I am not going now.me axla ar mivdivar.

Nnamyo (warsuli) gangrZobiTi dro

Nnamyo gangrZobiTi dro gamoxatavs moqmedebas romelic moxda warsuli drois gansazRvrul momakveTSi.igi iwarmoeba to be damxmare zmnis warsuli doriT da ing formiT

She was going. is midioda.

Was she going? midioda is?

She was not going. is ar midioda.

Mmomavali gangrZobiTi dro

Mmomavali gangrZobiTi dro gamoxatavs iseT moqmedebas  romelic gagrZelldeba momavali drois  gansazRvrul momentSi.

He will be working. is imuSavebs.

Will he be working? imuSavebs is?

He will not be working. is ar imuSavebs.